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401(k) Calculator

See how big your 401(k) can grow with employer match, IRS limits, salary growth and tax-deferred compounding.

Adjust assumptions
Current age
18 yr70 yr
Retirement age
31 yr75 yr
Annual salary
$20.0 K$1.0 M
Current 401(k) balance
$0$2.0 M
Your contribution
% of salary
0.0%50.0%
Employer match
% of your contribution
0%150%
Match cap
up to % of salary
0.0%15.0%
Annual return
investment growth
1.0%15.0%
Salary growth
annual raise
0.0%15.0%
Balance at 65Live
$3,784,626
8% from employer match$80.0 K salary · 10% you + 6.0% match · 8% return
See full breakdown
Total at retirement
You contributed
$509 K
13.4% of total
Match + growth
$3.3 M
86.6% of total
Where the balance comes from
Starting balance
$25,000
You contributed
$483,697
Employer match
$290,218
Investment growth
$2,985,712

401(k) growth by age

Contributions vs balance
Over 35 years you contribute $484 K, your employer adds $290 K, and investment growth makes up the rest.

About the 401(k) calculator

Project your 401(k) balance at retirement in the United States. Models employee elective deferrals capped at the IRS limit ($23,500 in 2025, plus a $7,500 catch-up contribution at age 50+), employer match formulas, annual salary growth and tax-deferred compounding returns.

Use this 401(k) calculator to project how big your US retirement account can grow with employer match, IRS contribution limits and tax-deferred compounding. Built around the 2025 IRS limits ($23,500 employee deferral plus a $7,500 catch-up contribution at age 50+), the calculator models annual salary raises, the classic 100%-on-the-first-6% employer match formula and long-term US stock market returns. See exactly what percent of your salary you should be contributing to fully capture your employer match — the closest thing to free money in personal finance.

How it works

  1. 1
    Enter age and salary
    Your current age, planned retirement age, and gross annual salary. The calculator grows your salary each year using the assumed raise rate.
  2. 2
    Set your contribution
    What % of salary you defer to your 401(k). The calculator caps this at the IRS limit ($23,500 in 2025, plus a $7,500 catch-up at 50+).
  3. 3
    Add the employer match
    The classic formula is 100% match on the first 6% of salary. Some employers offer 50% on the first 6% — adjust both fields to match your plan.
  4. 4
    Project to retirement
    See your projected balance, broken down into your contributions, the employer match (free money) and investment growth.

Formula

Annual contribution = min(salary × employee%, IRS limit) + min(salary × match%, salary × match cap)
Balance = Σ contributions × (1 + r)^(years remaining)
employee%
Your elective deferral as % of salary
match%
Employer match rate (e.g. 100% on first 6%)
IRS limit
$23,500 in 2025 (+ $7,500 catch-up at 50+)
r
Annual investment return (typically 6–10%)

Worked example

$80K salary, 10% contribution, full 6% match

A 30-year-old earning $80,000/year who contributes 10% ($8,000) and gets a 100% match on the first 6% ($4,800) puts $12,800 into the 401(k) every year. Assuming 3% annual raises and a 7% return, by age 65 the balance reaches roughly $1.45 million. Of that, $568K is from employee deferrals, $341K from the employer match (free money), and the remaining $541K is investment growth — the power of tax-deferred compounding.

Frequently asked questions

  • For 2025, the IRS limits employee elective deferrals to $23,500. Workers aged 50+ can add a catch-up contribution of $7,500, bringing their personal limit to $31,000. Employer match contributions are separate and don't count toward this employee limit.

  • Most employers match a portion of your contributions up to a salary cap. A 100% match on the first 6% of salary means: contribute 6% and your employer adds another 6% — that's an instant 100% return on those dollars. Always contribute at least enough to capture the full match.

  • Long-term U.S. equity returns have averaged about 10% nominal (7% real, after inflation). A balanced 60/40 portfolio averages closer to 7–8% nominal. Use a conservative 6–8% when planning — actual returns vary year to year.

  • Traditional reduces taxes today (contributions are pre-tax), but withdrawals in retirement are taxed. Roth pays taxes today, then grows tax-free with tax-free withdrawals. This calculator shows the gross balance — same for both. The choice depends on your current vs expected future tax bracket.

  • No. The balance shown is gross (pre-tax for Traditional). Withdrawals from Traditional 401(k)s are taxed as ordinary income. Employer match dollars often vest over 3–6 years; you forfeit unvested amounts if you leave early — check your plan documents.

  • Required Minimum Distributions begin at age 73 (rising to 75 in 2033). Withdrawals before age 59½ usually trigger a 10% penalty plus income tax. Plan to leave the balance untouched until at least 59½ for the math to work.

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